Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) or Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)

Resource Links

	G a r t h
J a n u a r y 1 4 1 9 9 4		J a n u a r y 2 2 2 0 0 2
	~ Rest In Peace My Friend ~

In hemolytic anemias, a loss of red blood cells (rbcs) occurs due to destruction of the rbcs. The destruction occurs due to antibodies which stick to the the rbc and cause the body to react, leading to destruction of the cell. This can be the direct result of a drug, toxin, blood parasite, virus or other primary cause or it can be an unexplained immune mediated reaction. It can occur inside the blood stream (intravascular hemolysis) or outside the bloodstream (extravascular hemolysis). In most cases in dogs, hemolysis occurs outside the blood stream in the spleen, liver and bone marrow. The destruction of red blood cells often leaves recognizable cellular debris in the blood stream. In particular, a form of damaged rbc known as a spherocyte occurs. Finding spherocytes on a blood smear almost guarantees that some form of hemolytic anemia is occurring. It does not really give a clue as to whether the IMHA is due to a primary cause or if it is occurring for no apparent reason, though. Since this disorder does not stop the production of red blood cells, there are usually immature red blood cells in the bloodstream which can be detected on the blood smears as well (a regenerative anemia).

The mechanism by which the immune system mistakes red blood cells for a "foreign invader" varies somewhat according to the cause. It usually involves adherence of the offending agent (parasite, drug, toxin, etc) to the surface of the rbc. The immune system wishes to attack this agent but manages to injure the rbc as well.

Dogs with IMHA usually experience a sudden onset of clinical signs, including depression, lethargy, pale gums or conjunctiva, sometimes jaundice or a heart murmur and bruising. Vomiting or abdominal pain may be present. It is unusual for overt blood loss to occur, such as nose bleeds or excessive bleeding from a minor injury. Death can occur rapidly, even with appropriate treatment.

Whenever hemolytic anemia is present it is wise to carefully rule out initiating causes that might be treatable. Examples of problems that can lead to hemolytic anemia include ehrlichiosis (a blood parasite), reactions to sulfa antiseptics or penicillin antibiotics, zinc toxicosis -- which can occur due to the ingestion of pennies. If any of these problems can be identified and treated the prognosis is much better.

The combination of clinical signs and spherocytes on a blood smear give a strong indication of this condition very rapidly. It can be confirmed using a Coomb's test to check for antibodies adhered to red blood cells. This test is usually done at body temperature and at a colder temperature (4 degrees Celsius). A small percentage of dogs that have IMHA will not test positive on the Coomb's test.

This condition will often respond well to very high doses of corticosteroids, such as prednisone. These medications suppress the immune system, allowing the rbcs to escape destruction. Improvement usually occurs within 1 to 3 days, if the dog is going to respond. If signs of icterus (jaundice) are present, the prognosis is usually worse. Dogs with this symptom may benefit from very aggressive treatment with anticoagulants and cyclophosphamide, a potent immune system inhibitor. Blood transfusions can be used in dogs with IMHA if necessary but they can make the condition worse so most vets reserve this approach for dogs that appear to be in imminent danger of dying due to severe anemia. It is necessary to treat most dogs for a fairly long time to prevent recurrence of the disease and some dogs seem to require lifelong use of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants. Splenectomy is done in resistant cases since it is a major site of red blood cell destruction.

The Basenji, West Highland White terrier, English springer spaniel, Alaskan malamute, poodle and beagle breeds can be congenitally predisposed to this condition due to defects in enzymes (such as pyruvate kinase) or in the red blood cells.

Resource Links:

1. Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
   ... of information on www.vetinfo .com free to our readers. Immune Mediated Hemolytic
   Anemia IMHA IMHA - crisis treatments Immune mediated hemolytic anemia in ...
   http://www.vetinfo.com/dimhanemia.html
   

2. Meisha's Hope; A guide to canine autoimmune hemolytic anemia
   ... When the Diagnosis is Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Immune Mediated Hemolytic
   Anemia Autoimmune Disease Canine Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Immune Mediated ...
   http://www.cloudnet.com/~jdickson/
   

3. PetPlace.com - Article: Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA ...
   PetPlace.com, ... Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
   (AIHA), by: Dr. Leah Cohn. Next Page, (Information In-depth). ...
   http://www.petplace.com/articles/artShow.asp?artID=2195
   

4. Wing-N-Wave Labradors Canine Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
   ... Bucheler, J. and Cotter, SM Canine Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia. In: Kirk's
   Current Veterinary Therapy XI, RW Kirk and JD Bonagura, editors, WB Saunders ...
   http://www.labbies.com/aiha.htm

5. Research in canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
   RESEARCH IN CANINE IMMUNE-MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA *J. Catharine Scott-Moncrieff,
   MA, VetMB, MS, MRCVS, DACVIM, DECVIM, DSAM (765) 494-1107. ...
   http://www.vet.purdue.edu/depts/vcs/research/scottmondogimmune.html
   

6. immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
   related term: immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. What
   is autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)? ...
   http://www.upei.ca/~cidd/Diseases/immune%20disorders/autoimmune%20hemolytic%20anemia.htm
   

7. May 1996 - Immune Mediated Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
   ... IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF ... Introduction. Hemolytic disease of the ... introduction
   of Rh immune globulin prophylaxis, the ... with minimal anemia. The direct ...
   http://www.itxm.org/Archive/tmu5-96.htm
   

8. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY VT PA 446.2
   ... fracture b. Hemolysis -review of laboratory findings -case:canine-immune mediated
   hemolytic anemia -case:canine-immune mediated hemolytic anemia -case:canine ...
   http://www.usask.ca/wcvm/curr/vtpa446d.htm
   

9. Tally's Cat Care, Behavior, Health & Illness Links - A~B
   ... Hemolytic Anemia: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - Dr. Mike Richards Immune Mediated
   Hemolytic Anemia - Dr. Mike Richards Auto-Immune Hemolytic Anemia - Drs ...
   http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Pointe/9352/alphalinks.html
   

10. VetCentric Encyclopedia
    ... Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia, Canine Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, autoimmune
    hemolytic anemia, IMHA, AIHA Inhalant Allergy, Canine and Feline Allergic ...
    http://www.vetcentric.com/reference/encyc.cfm?VIEW=I-J
    

11. Nomifensine-induced immune hemolytic anemia
    ... as the cause of immune-mediated hemolysis and, in serum ... versus impipramine Nomifensine
    and hemolytic anemia Nomifensine, bupropion and cocaine ...
    http://www.nomifensine.com/haemanaem.htm

12. BMD Health Links 2
    ... Neumann Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia by Foothills Animal Hospital Immune Mediated
    Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) by Sylvia Lueck, DVM Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA ...
    http://members.rogers.com/rcamken/bmd_health_links_2.htm
    

13. AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: Lilli's Legacy: Links
    ... Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia by VetMedCenter. Immune-Mediated
    Hemolytic Anemia by Vetcentric #1. ...
    http://www.peppypaws.com/Links.html
    

14. Dog Owner's Guide: Autoimmune diseases
    ... below). Other signs may include a hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
    (a low white ... Immune-mediated polyarthritis can be seen in ...
    http://www.canismajor.com/dog/autoimmn.html

15. Connolly Animal Clinic, Inc.
    ... GH | IJ | KL | MN | OP | QR | ST | UW | XZ. Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia, Canine
    Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, IMHA, AIHA ...
    http://www.connollyac.com/encyc.cfm?VIEW=I-J

16. Holistic Topics - Articles by Local Practitioners
    ... immune system. Known as immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), it means the dogs'
    immune systems attacked their own red blood cells as if they were foreign. ...
    http://www.austinholistic.com/articles/WFalconer002.html

17. Veterinary Clinical Investigation Center
    ... Clinical Trials. Patients Wanted for Immune-Mediated
    Hemolytic Anemia Study. We are currently enrolling ...
    http://www1.umn.edu/vcic/clintrial.html

18. Samoyed Health Links - Page1
    ... Joanne Dickson; Immune-Mediated Anemia on the VetMedCenter.com website; Immune Mediated
    Hemolytic Anemia by Michael Richards, DVM; The Immune System and Disease ...
    http://freeweb.pdq.net/pbarbe/HealthLinks1.htm
    

19. Babesiosis in Dogs
    ... anemia in dogs. In a high percentage of dogs with acute or potentially chronic babesiosis,
    will contribute to immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Unless babesia ...
    http://www.cah.com/library/babesios.html

20. KSUCVM - DMP - Faculty - Melinda Wilkerson
    ... test to assay for bound erythrocyte antibodies in cases of immune mediated hemolytic
    anemia, platelet surface associated antibody test for cases of immune ...
    http://www.vet.ksu.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/faculty/wilkrson.htm
    

21. http://cvm.msu.edu/courses/mic569/docs/parasite/babesios.htm
    ... in dogs with ehrlichiosis. Autoagglutination and Coombs + seen in many dogs (difficult
    to differentiate from Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia); Diagnosis is by ...
    http://cvm.msu.edu/courses/mic569/docs/parasite/babesios.htm

22. Nunas links to AIHA, IMHA and ITP
    ... Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and the Canine immune system.
    New Diagnostic test for Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia. ...
    http://www.silkenwindhound.com/starcastle/AIHA/default.htm

23. Auto Immune Hemolytic Anemia
    ... an exhaustive clinical and laboratory evaluation. A ?secondary? disease is called
    immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). IMHA refers to all anemias that ...
    http://home.comcast.net/~joan.ogg/aiha_info.htm
    

24. The Health Links Page 6
    ... Anemia http://www.vetinfo.com/dencyclopedia/deanemia.html Immune Mediated Hemolytic
    Anemia (IMHA) http://www.vetinfo.com/dencyclopedia/deimha.html Immune ...
    http://www.curlycoats.com/breed/health_linx6.htm
    

25. Hypersensitivity Reactions
    ... drugs and autoimmune hemolytic anemia are examples of Ab mediated - complement dependent
    reactions. In some cases formation of the immune complexes does not ...
    http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/CUMC_PathNotes/Immunopathology/Immuno_02.html
    

26. Lakeside Veterinary Center
    ... AC | DH | IL | MP | QR | ST | UZ. Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia, Canine Immune-mediated
    hemolytic anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, IMHA, AIHA Inhalant ...
    http://www.lakesidevc.com/encyc.cfm?VIEW=I-L

27. New Vaccination Protocols
    ... like "Katy".... Katy developed Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia ( a disease where
    the body rejects its own blood) after her annual vaccinations. This syndrome ...
    http://critterfixer.com/new_vaccination_protocols%5B1%5D.htm
    

28. Sedona
    ... 6. Should I heparize my acute cases of primary immune mediated anemia? 7. Does
    administration of Oxyglobin really kill dogs with hemolytic anemia? ...
    http://www.ivseminars.net/sedona%202002.htm
    

29. RCD - ANTIBODY MEDIATED HEMOLYSIS
    ... Warm AIHA, the most common type of immune hemolytic anemia is mediated by
    IgG autoantibodies against RBC surface antigens (active at 37° C). ...
    http://hsc.virginia.edu/medicine/clinical/pathology/educ/innes/text/rcd/antibody.html

30. ECSCA Information
    ... Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA): Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia by Michael
    Richards, DVM; Autoimmune Diseases-Autoimmune hemolytic anemia by Kathleen R ...
    http://www.ecsca.org/clubinfo.html
    

31. Thrombocytopenia
    ... Immune-Mediated: Drug induced Thrombocytopenia; Idiopathic ... 5 to 14 days); Vasculitis;
    Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL ...
    http://www.fpnotebook.com/HEM163.htm

32. Miscellaneous Toxins
    ... history. However, the main toxic component in P. involutus causes acute immune-mediated
    hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic anemia occurs mainly in individuals who ...
    http://www.namyco.org/poison/misc.htm

33. University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine - ...
    ... Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. Clinical Interests Immune-mediated
    hemolytic anemia; immunosuppressive therapy; endoscopic evaluation of the ...
    http://www.vet.upenn.edu/facultyanddepts/invoke.cfm/id/Nicola%20J%20Mason/method/display
    

34. VETERINARY HEMOLYMPHATIC
    ... of regenerative and nonregenerative anemias; Hemolytic anemias: immune-mediated
    hemolytic anemia - diagnosis and treatment of hemolytic anemias Canine and ...
    http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/local/overview/syllabi/S6/8674.html
    

35. DIAG200-0401: Red Red VINe - Selected Topics in Hematology - ...
    ... will include sessions on the Diagnostic Approach to Anemia, Immune Mediated Hemolytic
    Anemia, Bone Marrow Analysis, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ...
    http://www.vin.com/CE/HematologyInfo.htm
    

36. Anemia
    ... nutrients. 2. less likely due to "crowding out". III.
    Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA). A. human ...
    http://www.vetmed.lsu.edu/oncology/anemia.htm
    

37. Dog-O-Mania - Medical & Health : Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
    ... for the dog owner. http://www.geocities.com/aihadogs/ (12kb) I - Immune Mediated
    Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) Canine Medical Encyclopedia http://www.vetinfo.com ...
    http://www.dogomania.com/category/Health/Anemia/

38. cardiovascular
    ... Blood Disorders>; Blood & Lymph Disorders of Dogs. Auto-Immune Hemolytic Anemia:
    Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia; Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia; AIHA. Cardiomyopathy: ...
    http://www3.bc.sympatico.ca/k9/cardio.html

39. Inflammation, Repair and Immunopathology- Section 4
    ... infectious agents. Immunologic-mediated diseases are the ... Disease caused by immune
    to response ... Examples: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia; Isoimmune hemolytic ...
    http://www.vetmed.ufl.edu/path/pbteach/wlc/vem5161/inflect4.htm
    

40. Immune-mediated Diseases
    Immune-mediated Diseases. Dr. Susan Eddlestone. Immune-mediated
    Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA). Pathophysiology. ...
    http://www.cvm.okstate.edu/~groups/students/web/2001/sam/imha.ppt
    

41. Tarahaus Health information
    ... Immune Mediated Diso... Encyclopedia of Canine Veterinary Medical Inf... Immune
    Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Does your dog have heartworm - circular 607-A Dog ...
    http://www.shihtzubreeder.com/health.htm

42. 1
    ... A. Iron deficiency B. Chronic renal failure C. External hemorrhage
    D. Red Maple leaf toxicity E. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. ...
    http://www.vet.ohio-state.edu/docs/vm618/samples/samples.html
    

43. ANEMIA: Transfusion
    ... Passenger lymphocyte syndrome with severe hemolytic anemia due to an anti ... May 2000.
    JAIME JC. Immune-mediated agglutination of cytoskeleton-free ...
    http://www.amedeo.com/medicine/ane/transf.htm
    

44. Microcytic anemia
    ... Hemolytic anemias: Immune Mediated: Warm antibodies: rule out ... deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia,
    high PC hemolytic anemia, vitamin E deficiency. ...
    http://family.georgetown.edu/welchjj/netscut/heme_onc/normocytic_anemia.html

45. Delayed blood clotting
    ... of the horse's red blood cells. It is used to diagnose immune-mediated hemolytic
    anemia - destruction of the body's red blood cells (a process called hemolysis ...
    http://www.paper-horse.com/askthevet/bleeding.htm

46. Azathioprine
    ... Immune mediated hemolytic anemia; Immune mediated platelet destruction (thrombocytopenia);
    Pemphigus type skin diseases (especially pemphigus foliaceus); Severe ...
    http://www.marvistavet.com/html/body_azathioprine.html

47. Hemolysis and Hemolytic Anemia
    ... Immune-mediated hemolysis: Introduction-: IgG- sensitive erythrocytes can de destroyed ... Monoclonal
    IgM cause a waxing and waning hemolytic anemia. ...
    http://umed.med.utah.edu/ms2/hemotolgy/Hemolysis%20and%20Hemolytic%20Anemia(JMartin).doc

48. 7-01 Newsletter
    IMMUNE-MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. July 2001. Immune-mediated hematologic disease
    including hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and/or thrombocytopenia is being reported with ...
    http://www.antechdiagnostics.com/newsletters/7-01.html
    

49. Publications -- Immunohematology
    ... has a complex role in immune mediated red blood cell (RBC ... warm- and cold-type autoimmune
    hemolytic anemia, neoplasia, and collagen diseases. The ...
    http://www.redcross.org/pubs/immuno/toc13-4.html
    

50. Veterinary News from July 2000
    ... Off of Market; Disasters: Are You Prepared? New Diagnostic Test for Immune-Mediated
    Hemolytic Anemia; Leishmaniasis Diagnosed in US Foxhounds; Vaccine-Associated ...
    http://www.peteducation.com/category_summary.cfm?cls=0&cat=1522

51. Trinidad Plus Hometown Spotlight: Police dog back on patrol ...
    ... partner and caretaker Sgt. Marika Kurzenberger. Cerez fell victim to immune mediated
    hemolytic anemia, a condition that causes red blood cells to be recognized ...
    http://www.trinidadco.com/plus/spotlight99/police_dog.html

52. DVM Small Animal
    ... older dogs are keratoconjunctivitis sicca, hypothyroidism, immune-mediated hemolytic
    anemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, glomerulonephritis, myasthenia ...
    http://www.dvmnewsmagazine.com/small/0800sahoskins2.asp
    

53. Arthritis
    ... but not limited to): systemic lupus erythematosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia,
    immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease, immune-mediated poly-arthritis ...
    http://www.tollers.tierranet.com/Health/autoimmune.html

54. Curriculum Vitae
    ... 12(6):343-351. Kaplan KJ. Cefotetan-induced severe immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
    involving three mechanisms of immune hemolysis[abstract]. S Med J 1999; 92 ...
    http://www.pathmax.com/kapcv.html

55. Basic Immunology and Disorders of the Immune System
    ... hemolytic anemia, cold antibody hemolytic anemia, and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. ... Nephrectomy.
    C. Type III: Immune Complex Mediated Reactions. ...
    http://www.telepathology.com/courses/immune/injury.htm
    

56. Julia Blue - Program in Pathology at Cornell University
    ... Blue, JT, RP Dinsmore, and KL Anderson. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
    induced by penicillin in horses. Cornell Vet. 77:263-276, 1987. ...
    http://web.vet.cornell.edu/public/BioSci/new/vbs_facultyblue.html
    

57. Hemobartonellosis in Cats
    ... attached organisms. Due to the immune-mediated destruction of the red ... such as primary
    autoimmune hemolytic anemia and FeLV-induced hemolytic ...
    http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/CLERK/Cowgill/Index.htm

58. AUG 05 1999
    ... section that strengthen the warning for hemolytic anemia: "AN IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC
    ANEMIA HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN PATIENTS RECEIVING CEPHALOSPORIN CLASS ...
    http://www.fda.gov/cder/ogd/rld/50588s26.pdf
    

59. Alladin Shih Tzu Breeder links.htm
    ... Immune Mediated Diso... Encyclopedia of Canine Veterinary Medical Inf... Immune
    Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Does your dog have heartworm - circular 607-A ...
    http://www.shihtzupets.com/dlinks.htm

60. SVECCS Website: Externships in Emergency and Critical Care ...
    ... medical cases, including trauma, snakebite envenomation, diabetic ketoacidosis, congestive
    heart failure, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, and near drownings. ...
    http://www.sveccs.org/html/extern.htm

61. The Original Holisticat (TM) Archives -- Anemia, Page 1
    ... is characterized by immune mediated destruction of either circulating ... in the treatment
    of auto immune hemolytic anemia) is recommended. Other ...
    http://www.holisticat.com/anemia_arch1.html
    

62. http://www.srdogs.com/Pages/rimadylgdog.html
    ... for dogs with bleeding disorders. Adverse blood-related reactions from Rimadyl
    include immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. That's the destruction of the red ...
    http://www.srdogs.com/Pages/rimadylgdog.html
    

63. INNO-VET DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS- 2001
    ... sensitivity. HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA- Immune Mediated, Dogs, Correlation
    between leukocytosis and necropsy findings. ...
    http://www.inno-vet.com/key01/diag01.html
    

64. AKC Canine Health Foundation - Research and Grants
    ... Blood Disease. Active Grant No. 1849: Determinants of Risk in Dogs with Immune
    Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Philip H. Kass, DVM, PhD; University of California ...
    http://www.akcchf.org/research.htm

65. Animals with Rheumatic Diseases
    ... Lab Newsletter Summer, 1996 VetInfo -- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia VetInfo --
    Chronic Immune Mediated Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca VetInfo -- Discoid Lupus ...
    http://www.silcom.com/~sblc/animals.html

66. Pathology Lecture Summary
    ... induced hemolytic anemia(s); Discuss clinical correlations of the immune hemolytic
    anemias and treatment options. Key Words: Immune-mediated hemolytic anemias ...
    http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcpt/curriculum/hemat1_pd_intro.html
    

67. Partnership Links Minnesota, Korea New Certification Program ...
    ... from 3M at a genomics workshop in July. Patients Wanted for Immune Mediated Hemolytic
    Anemia Study W e are currently enrolling clinical cases of immune ...
    http://www.cvm.umn.edu/newsletters/fall00.pdf
    

68. Akita Health Study - UC Davis
    ... erythematosus IMPA = immune-mediated polyarthritis DLE = discoid lupus erythematosus
    IMHA = immune-mediated hemolytic anemia ITP = Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia. ...
    http://www.akitaclub.org/web/health/davis.html
    

69. http://www.cm-d.com/buckeye/tech_manual/8_35.html
    ... as a result of red blood cell destruction. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) or
    immune-mediated (IMHA) occurs when an individual develops antibodies to its ...
    http://www.cm-d.com/buckeye/tech_manual/8_35.html
    

70. December 2001 - When inspectors knock, know what's new - ...
    ... and drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia. ... of all patients with autoimmune hemolytic
    disease or immune complex-mediated hemolytic states," he says. ...
    http://www.cap.org/html/publications/sidebar4.html
    

71. VetMedCenter - Consumer - Article Details
    ... What causes immune-mediated anemia? Some causes of immune-mediated anemia include:
    Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, a condition where the body destroys its own red ...
    http://www.vetmedcenter.com/consumer/display.asp?fn=P-MR-M-Gm_5-Anemiaso1XX.xml&dt=A
    

72. Turner What is Evans Syndrome?
    ... What is Evans Syndrome? Answer: The simultaneous occurence of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
    (IMT) and immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Other immune ...
    http://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/ccu/pearlindivweb.cfm?questionnumber=82
    

73. Small Animal Vaccination Protocol
    ... in a cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 5:637-638, 1993. Duval D, Giger URS: Vaccine associated
    immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in the dog. J Vet Int Med 10:290-295, 1996 ...
    http://www.vth.colostate.edu/vth/savp2.html
    

74. IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO DNA AND RNA
    ... responses. Type III complex mediated hypersensitivity reactions can ... be: Innocuous,
    where immune complexes may be ... disease eg autoimmune hemolytic anemia. ...
    http://www.psrast.org/imDNAfrag.htm
    

75. Corgi Health and Veterinary Info
    ... Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia     .
    by Sylvia Lueck, DVM, © 1999. Immune Mediated ...
    http://www.oregoncorgis.org/VetInfo.htm
    

76. Winter, 1998 Newsletter
    ... to a pet owner. One disease that appears suddenly and often with no immediate discernable
    cause is immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). To owners it seems ...
    http://www.dovelewis.org/winter_1998_newsletter.htm
    

77. Immunopharmacology 6
    ... of antibody-bound cells: spleen-mediated (serum complement involvement) for ... Rh o (D)
    immune globulin micro-dose: Prevention of Rh hemolytic disease of the ...
    http://www.pharmacology2000.com/Hemo/Immunosupression/immuno6.htm
    

78. Hemolytic Anemia, Thalassemia, and Hemoglobinopathies Objectives ...
    ... 3 Immune Hemolytic Anemia Directed at red ... red cell antigen Immune Hemolytic Anemias
    * Drug-induced ... associated , or idiopathic * Mediated by Warm or ...
    http://medocs.ucdavis.edu/imd/420a/PwrPt2001/Hgbopathy2001.pdf
    

79. Canine tick-transmitted Diseases in Australia
    ... syndrome, hepatopathy, hemoconcentration, cerebral babesiosis, and immune-mediated
    hemolytic anemia. Treatment of uncomplicated babesiosis involves anti ...
    http://members.ozemail.com.au/~norbertf/ticktdd.htm
    

80. ??????????
    ... 46 Refs Hemostatic Abnormalities in Dogs With Primary Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
    ??????????(immune-mediated hemolytic anemia :IMHA)? ...
    http://www6.ocn.ne.jp/~petdoc/menekiyouketu.htm
    

81. Re: Hemolytic Anemia, Cold Agglutinin, IgM, Entire Left Side ...
    ... and I was hospitalized for hemolytic anemia. Further testing and elimination ... problem
    is obviously an immune mediated problem but is primarily ...
    http://www.medhelp.org/forums/neuro/archive/12227.html
    

82. VITA-TECH Veterinary Diagnostic Services
    ... of Packed Red Blood Cells. Immune-mediated hematologic disease is being ... cells; Coombs
    positive hemolytic anemia; spherocytes; nonregenerative or ...
    http://www.vita-tech.com/VDL/articles/bb5.htm
    

83. Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency in Abyssinian and ...
    ... FeLV, FIV, and FIP infections), toxins (drugs, onions), and immune mediated hemolytic
    anemia fails to identify a trigger. Some cats may appear to respond to ...
    http://members.aol.com/abybcs/PKDef_ursgeiger.htm
    

84. Post Graduate Foundation in Veterinary Science
    ... 3.30 - 4.00, Afternoon Tea, 18, 4.00 - 4.45, Diagnosis and management of immune
    mediated hemolytic anemia. Primary immune mediated hemolytic anemia is common in ...
    http://www.pgf.edu.au/courses/2001_small_animals.cfm
    

85. The Complement System
    ... much faster than a cell-mediated immune attack. Within minutes of the ... cause grave
    diseases like acute hemolytic anemia -- in which complement and ...
    http://whyfiles.org/007transplant/complement.html
    

86. Autoimmune Disease
    ... leads to its destruction and signs of the disease. Examples are: auto-immune mediated
    hemolytic anemia, where the target is on the surface of the red blood cell ...
    http://bccc.pair.com/autoimmu.htm
    

87. Case 1: Focal Myasthenia Gravis in a Dog
    ... lethargy, and lameness. The dog was diagnosed with polyarthritis and immune-mediated
    hemolytic anemia due to systemic lupus erythematosus. The dog responded ...
    http://www.acvim.org/wwwfp/credentials/IM/SASample1.pdf
    

88. Diseases & Disorders
    ... ..Immune-mediated blood disorders are on the increase. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia,
    thrombocytopenia, von Willebrand's disease (21%), and platelet disorders ...
    http://www.akitarescue.com/diseases.htm
    

89. Feline Coombs' Test Reagent
    ... antiglobulin test, is designed to detect immune-mediated erythrocyte destruction
    which occurs in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and in some cases with infections ...
    http://www.vmrd.com/Coombs/Felcoomb.htm
    

90. Pathologic Consequences of Infection
    ... or ADCC); hemolytic anemia in malaria (cross ... group A beta-hemolytic strep infection
    (rheumatic ... Hypersensitivity (fig 12.10): mediated by immune complexes (Ig ...
    http://www.micro.iastate.edu/micro310/lecnotes/pathcon.html
    

91. hematologic disease
    ... ..... Immune-mediated hematologic disease is being ... red blood cells; Coombs positive
    hemolytic anemia; spherocytes; nonregenerative or poorly ...
    http://www.natural-akita.com/JPTeez/html/hematologic1.html
    

92. Holistic Care - Rimadyl: Wolf in Sheep's Clothing, By ...
    ... hyperactivity, restlessness, aggressiveness. Hematologic: Immune-mediated hemolytic
    anemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, blood-loss anemia, epistaxis. ...
    http://www.pettribune.com/2000/050100/holistic.html
    

93. Epidemiology of Anemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)- ...
    ... associated aplastic anemia or immune-mediated destruction of specific populations
    of ... HIV infection, may cause hemolytic anemia. Persons with G-6 ...
    http://www.thebody.com/cdc/blood/discussion.html
    

94. Doberman Genetic Diseases -- Part Three
    ... Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia can be a ... red blood cells causing severe anemia and possibly
    death. Onset ... Immune Mediated Polygenicarthritis is a disease ...
    http://www.dpfa.org/GENDIS3.htm
    

95. Clinical Immunology VM 551 CR Dhein
    ... Examples include: Immune mediated (hemolytic) anemia (IMA) (IMHA)
    Immune mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) Pemphigus skin diseases: ...
    http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/courses_vm551_crd/clinical_immunology.htm
    

96. BC Cancer Agency: Chronic Leukemia
    ... of management of patients with CLL-associated hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia.
    The acute CLL-related immune mediated cell destruction should be stopped or ...
    http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/pg_g_04.asp?PageID=1228&ParentID=4
    

97. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    ... Complex Antigens 117. Clincal Blood Typing and Crossmatching 118. Immune-mediated
    Hemolytic Anemia 119. Immune-mediated Thrombocytopenia 120. Immune-mediated ...
    http://www.lww.com/onlinestore/tableofcontents/1,2261,543766292,00.html
    

98. Understanding Autoimmune Disease - What Are the Causes of ...
    ... Autoimmune uveitis, Endocrine Glands: Blood: Type 1 or immune-mediated.
    Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, diabetes mellitus. ...
    http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/autoimmune/causes.htm
    

99. Pathology Slides
    ... erythematosus or an autoimmune hemolytic anemia. ... onto bodily tissues and immune system
    destroys the ... Type IV, T-cell mediated hypersensitivity. The best ...
    http://bl-msci-007c.ads.iu.edu/c602web/602/c602web/immune/immune.htm
    

100. BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF DRUG TOXICITIES
     ... DRUG-INDUCED IMMUNE-MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA Cephalosporins Diclofenac Ampicillin
     T. Deloughery, Immunol. Allergy Clin. of North Am. 18, 829 (1998) Tolmentin ...
     http://www.cc.nih.gov/ccc/principles/pdf/00-01/Pohl.pdf